Guide to Automated Manifest Systems (AMS) In Shipping & What It’s For

The Automated Manifest System (AMS), initiated by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) in 2004, was specifically designed to enhance national security and streamline the processing of imports. By enabling the electronic transmission of shipment data before cargo arrives at U.S. borders, AMS plays a pivotal role in pre-assessing potential security risks and facilitating smoother trade operations.

This system was developed in response to the growing need for more rigorous security measures and faster processing of increasing international trade volumes.

What is AMS Filing?

AMS Filing is a crucial electronic system that allows shipping carriers to report cargo details to CBP before their arrival in the U.S. This system improves security by enabling early identification of potential threats and facilitates quicker cargo clearance, thus enhancing the efficiency of international trade logistics. By digitizing the data submission process, AMS helps reduce paperwork, speeds up customs clearance, and minimizes the chances of shipment delays.

Who Needs to File AMS?

AMS filings at the export port are primarily required by Non-Vessel Operating Common Carriers (NVOCC) or freight forwarders. These parties play a critical role in ensuring that cargo information is reported accurately and promptly to U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Any inaccuracies in the given information are the responsibility of the freight forwarder. Furthermore, they may face severe fines of up to US$10,000.

Mode of Transport	Carrier	Considerations
Sea Freight	NVOCC	NVOCCs file AMS to consolidate shipments from multiple shippers into container loads and manage issuing bills of lading.
Sea Freight	Freight Forwarder	Freight Forwarders may be required to file AMS, particularly when they perform functions typically associated with the NVOCC.
Air Freight	Indirect Air Carrier	IACs consolidate shipments from various shippers and tender them to a direct air carrier. They are responsible for filing the AMS for these consolidated shipments.
Air Freight	Freight Forwarder	Freight forwarders may take on the responsibility of filing the AMS if they are acting as an IAC or if the IAC has delegated this task to them. In some instances, they may also file the AMS when they have a direct contractual relationship with the airline and manage the shipment details.
Rail & Road Freight	Rail Carrier/Trucking Company	The rail carrier or trucking company is primarily responsible for filing the AMS for cargo transported by rail.
Rail & Road Freight	Freight Forwarder	Freight forwarders may be involved in filing the AMS if they have a direct contractual relationship with the trucking company and are responsible for managing the shipment details.

Differences: AMS vs ISF Filing

Importer Security Filing (ISF), commonly referred to as “10+2”, is a requirement for ocean freight introduced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to enhance maritime security. ISF mandates importers to provide advance data about the cargo being shipped to the U.S. at least 24 hours before loading onto the vessel.

While both AMS and ISF aim to secure and facilitate the import process, they serve different functions. AMS (Automated Manifest System) is used by carriers across all transport modes to report cargo details before arrival in the U.S., enhancing border security and customs efficiency. In contrast, ISF filing specifically targets ocean cargo and focuses on detailed importation chain data prior to loading.

For a detailed at-a-glance comparison of AMS and ISF, the table below outlines the key differences and specific requirements of each filing system.

AMS vs ISF Data Requirements

Feature	Imported Security Filing (ISF)	Automated Manifest System (AMS) Filing
Focus	Security and risk assessment	Cargo movement and customs clearance
Timeline	24 hours before loading cargo onto vessel	Before vessel leaves shipment port
Responsible Party	Importer of Record (or their customs broker/freight forwarder)	Carrier or Freight Forwarder
Filing Mode	Electronic	Electronic
Data Elements	10 data elements: Seller Buyer IOR/FTZ Consignee Manufacturer Ship To Country of Origin HTS Stuffing Location Consolidator	Carrier info Voyage/Flight No. Ports Goods Description Shipper Consignee Container Numbers Etc.
Legal Basis	Security and Accountability For Every Port Act (SAFE Port Act)	Trade Act of 2022

Benefits of AMS Filing

The Automated Manifest System (AMS) offers significant benefits for carriers, freight forwarders, and importers, enhancing overall efficiency and security in cargo handling.

Enhanced Security: AMS helps identify potential security threats before cargo arrives, allowing for preemptive action and reducing risks associated with cargo handling.
Faster Clearance Process: By providing customs with advance information, AMS enables faster processing and release of shipments at ports, minimizing delays and improving turnaround times.
Reduced Paperwork and Errors: The digital nature of AMS filing reduces the paperwork burden and minimizes the risk of errors, which can delay shipment processing and increase costs.
Compliance and Avoidance of Penalties: Proper AMS filing ensures compliance with U.S. customs regulations, helping avoid costly penalties and potential legal issues.
Operational Efficiency: AMS streamlines the documentation process, making it easier for shippers to manage logistics and focus on other critical aspects of their operations.

AMS Filing Timeframe

In order to comply with U.S. Customs regulations, it is crucial for freight forwarders and carriers to adhere to the specific AMS filing timelines based on the mode of transport.

Mode of Transport	Filing Timeframe
Sea	At least 24 hours before the cargo is loaded onto the vessel at the foreign port.
Air	At least 4 hours before arrival in the U.S., or at the time of departure for flights less than 4 hours.
Rail	At least 2 hours before the truck arrives at the U.S. border.
Highway	At least 1 hour before the truck arrives at the U.S. border.

AMS Fees

An AMS fee is charged to cover the costs associated with U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP)’s processing of manifest filings. The amount of this fee typically depends on the mode of transport, the volume of cargo, and the complexity of the shipment details.

On average, AMS fees can range widely but are often influenced by these operational variables.

It’s best to consult with your freight forwarder or customs broker for an accurate estimate based on your specific shipment details.

Required Information for AMS Filing

Proper AMS filing requires meticulous preparation of specific documents and detailed information to ensure compliance and facilitate efficient processing by U.S. Customs. Below is a detailed list of the necessary paperwork and the key information that must be included in those documents.

	AMS Filing for Importers	AMS Filing for NVOCCs
Bill of Lading (BOL)	Full name and address of the shipper and consignee Precise cargo description, including quantity, weight, and packaging details Unique container and seal numbers Port of loading and discharge Vessel and voyage number
Cargo Control Number (CCN)	Assigned by carriers to track and control cargo movements Must correlate with the information on the Bill of Lading	Assigned by carriers to track and control cargo movements Must correlate with the information on the Bill of Lading
Consignee and Shipper Details	Complete legal names, addresses, and contact details Identification numbers and tax codes, where applicable	Complete legal names, addresses, and contact details of all parties involved Identification numbers and tax codes, where applicable
Manifest Document	Details of all goods being transported, including hazardous material declarations if applicable Country of origin and final destination details Estimated date and time of arrival at the U.S. port	Details of all goods being transported, including hazardous material declarations if applicable Country of origin and final destination details Estimated date and time of arrival at the U.S. port
Commercial Invoice	Detailed valuation of the cargo for customs and insurance purposes Should include a detailed description of the goods, the country of manufacture, and tariff classification numbers
Importer Security Filing (ISF)	Required for ocean shipments; must be filed separately but contains related information that must match the AMS data
Carrier Bond		The carrier bond serves as a financial guarantee and ensures compliance with customs regulations

Ways to File AMS

Filing the Automated Manifest System (AMS) can be accomplished through several methods, each catering to the different needs and capabilities of the shipping party. Each method offers distinct advantages and can be selected based on the specific needs and capabilities of the shipping or logistics firm involved. For companies looking to streamline their operations and ensure compliance, choosing the right filing method is critical. Below are detailed explanations of the available filing options:

DIrect Filing
- Method: Direct filing is done through the Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) Portal managed by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP).
- Overview: This method allows carriers or their agents to submit required shipping data directly to CBP. It requires users to have access to the ACE Portal and a thorough understanding of the filing process.
- Suitability and Drawbacks: Ideal for larger companies with the capacity to manage their compliance requirements in-house. However, it may be complex and resource-intensive for smaller entities without dedicated compliance staff.
With a Freight Forwarder or Customs Broker
- Support Role: Freight forwarders and customs brokers can facilitate AMS filing by handling the submission process on behalf of the shipper. They possess expertise in compliance and are typically well-versed in the requirements of cross-border shipments.
- Advantages: Utilizing these professionals can help ensure accuracy, reduce the risk of noncompliance, and alleviate the administrative burden on shippers.
AMS Software Provider
- Using Third-party Software: Many shippers opt to use specialized AMS software provided by third-party vendors. This software often integrates with existing shipping and logistics systems to streamline the filing process.
- Benefits: Third-party AMS software can offer user-friendly interfaces, error checking, and direct submission capabilities. This can be a cost-effective and efficient solution, especially for companies without the infrastructure to file directly.

Tips for AMS Filing

Prepare Required Information

Revisit the necessary documentation and data needed for AMS filing. Ensure all required information, such as Bill of Lading, Cargo Control Number, and consignee details, are gathered beforehand to streamline the filing process.

Ensure Accurate Information

Accuracy is paramount in AMS filings. Verify all submitted information for accuracy and completeness to avoid delays. Make any necessary amendments before the cargo arrives at the U.S. port, adhering strictly to the specified timelines for modifications.

Monitor Filing Status

After submitting your AMS filing, actively monitor its status to ensure it has been accepted by customs. Stay vigilant for any notifications requiring additional information and be prepared to make swift corrections. Filing early is advantageous as it provides ample time to address any issues that may arise.

Streamline AMS Filing

CrimsonLogic’s ISF filing software enhances the AMS filing process through automated data entry and real-time error alerts. This technology not only speeds up the customs clearance process but also helps avoid potential fines by minimizing errors, ensuring smoother and faster compliance with U.S. customs regulations. Additionally, CrimsonLogic supports filing across multiple platforms, including ACE Air, ACE Ocean, and ACE Highway, accommodating the diverse needs of air, ocean, and highway transport modes respectively. For more details on how CrimsonLogic can assist in optimizing your AMS filings, visit their ISF solutions page.